Mathematical instrument.



.- A. 'BAUR.

MATHEMATICAL INSTRUMENT.

APPLIOATIOX FILED KAY 22,1997.

WITNESSES V J "PATENTED AUG.4,1-908.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

NVNTOR PATENTED AUG. 4, 190a.

- 15mm, MATHEMATICAL INSTRUMENT.

APPLIUATION FILED MAY 22. 1901.

. I v 3 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

- ATIOREY;

A.BAUR.'I I MATHEMATICAL INSTRUMENT.

' PATENTED AUG. 4, 1908. v

.nrmou'mx FILED MAY 22, 1901.

v r a snnaTs-snnn-r a.

[NI/BATCH.

- easily carried in the pocket.

No. 895,330. v

' T all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, Aoousrus Brion, a citizen of the United States,residing at River Junction, in the county of Gadsden and State ofFlorida, have invented a new and useful Mathematical Instrument, ofwhich the following is a specification.

This invention has reference to a new mathematical instrument, and itsobject is to produce an instrument of great accuracy especially adaptedfor reconnaissance and preiminary field work for both civil and militaryengineers.

The novel instrument is designed for a variety of uses, while at thesame time it is made so compact and light that it may be I term theinstrument a clino-trigonometer.

The novel instrument is designed, by a suitablearrangement andcombination of the parts, to be used as atelemeter, a level, a surveyorscom )ass, a clinometcr, an engineer's transit and level, and a planetable.

The novel instrument consists essentiallv of two arms provided withsuitable levels and hinged together at one end so that the plane of themeeting edges cuts the axis of the hinge. Carried by the hinged end ofthe two arms is an adjustable scale covering one llUJldred and eightvdegrees but so arranged as to be rotated through the entire threehundred and sixty degrees. In addition, the two arms are connected by ascale curved on an arc of which the axis of the hinge is the center, andthis scale is so graduated as to indicate horizontal and verticaltriangulation distances in feet or any other unit and slope angles infeet, tenths and hundredths or any other unit, according to the mannerin which the instrument is arranged and used. Also, the arms areprovided with folding sights having the usual hair-lines and movableinto coincidence with the meeting edgs of the arms to bring them intothe plane of the pivot axis. The novel'instrument also in- -hides meansfor the attachment of a compas and vernicrs, and also a folding sight inthe axis of the hinge. Moreover, provision is made for the addition ofan cngineers transit telescope and spirit level.

The invention will be fully understood from the following detaileddescription taken in connection with the accompanying drawings formingpart of this specification, in which,

Figure 1 shows the instrument when in use AUGUSTUSIBAUR, or RIVERIUNGTION, FLORIDA. i, j

MATHEMATICAL INST U ENT. i

' Specification of Letters Patent.

Application filed. May 22, 190?. Serial 'No. 375,088.

as a level; Fig. 2 is a view of the instrument when used as a telemetercompass;Fig. 3 is a view of the instrument as a clinometer Fig. 4 is aview of the instrument, with parts in section, showing the manner ofusing it as asurveyors compass; Fi 5 shows the instrument in use as aplane table; Fig. 6 illustrates the use of the instrument as a surveyorstransit and level.

The instrumentconsists of two arms 1 and 2 joined at one end by a hinge3. This hinge is provided with a central stud 4 formed on one side withan enlarged head 5 and on the other side the stud 4 is upset orotherwise formed to confine the stud within the axis of the hinge. Thehead or enlargement 5 is formed with a nut for the reception of a screw6 of the ordinary staff mounting 7 used for surveyors compasses, andwhich need not be here described. Each arm 1 and 2 is provided with aspirit level 8 arranged, as is usual, to be visible on two meetingsides. The two arms 1 and 2 are so arranged that the meeting faces 910are each in a plane cutting the axis of the hinge, and these sidesconstitute the working sides of the arms.

Near the outer ends of the arms are lateral under cut grooves 11 inwhich are seated sliding blocks 12, dovetailed to fit the undercutgrooves 11, and each block has a folding sLght 13 of ordinaryconstruction with sight openings 14 and the usual hair-line 15. Arrangedto be secured to the arm 2 at a point between the outer and inner endsthereof is a graduated are 14 passing through a guide 15 on the arm 1which uide is rovided with a knife-edge 16 coincident wit 1 the edge 9of said arm. This are 14 is graduated for hori zontal and verticaltriangulation distances in feet, and also for slope angles in feet,tenths and hundrcdths, but, of course, the metric system or any otherdesired system may be used in place of the English system of feet.

Mounted u on the pivotal axis of the arms there is a ha f-circle scale17 graduated by degrees and half degrees up to one hundred and eightydegrees, although in the drawings no attempt has been made to show suchfine divisions. This are of one hundred and eighty degrees is centeredon the pivot and is movable all around the pivot so that it may readilybe made to read a full circle of three hundred and sixty degrees.

Constructed to be secured to the axis of the pivot by means of athreaded stem 18 entering an axial nut formed in the stem 4 is owner)STATES. PATENT ornr 2 p seasso able.

sisting of an arc 20 at the base of and outside a compass 19, graduatedto three hundred and sixty degrees and movable around the axis of thepivot, and, of course, also remov- There is also provided a vernierconthe compass, graduated from zero to thirty degrees in degrees andhalf degrees on each side of the north oint of the com ass and two smallarcs 21-21 on each arm and 2 are graduated each to sixty minutes.Suitable thumb-screws 22 are provided for the proper adjustment of theVernier arcs. Other thumb-screws 23 on the under side of the arms 1 and2 are provided for the adjustment of the are 17. Still otherthumb-screws 24, assing through the arms 1 and 2 from beow, are providedforthe securing of the clinometer and telemeter are 14 to the said arms,while other thumb-screws 25, passing upward through the arms 1 and 2,engage and clamp the slides 12 in the desired position.

Surrounding the compass box is an annular rib 26 fast thereon andprovided with slots or recesses 27 at diametrically opposite pointsagreeing with the east and west points of the compass scale. Theserecesses 27 receive the legs 28 of a U-shaped frame 29 extendingdiametrically across and above the compass and formed with a boss 30 atits center, suitably threaded to receive certain the drawing boar partsto be hereinafter referred to. One leg of this frame 29 carries a do 31so placed as to operate the compass needle lock when the frame 29 is inplace.

The frame 29 is designed to carry various arts, according to the type ofinstrument to e used. For instance, when the device is used as atelemeter compass or a surveyors compass, a sight 32 provided with ascrewplug end 33 is screwed to the boss 30. This 18 indicated in Figs. 2and 4. When the device is used as an engineers transit and level k thesight 32 is replaced by a frame 34 at the 45 upper end of which arejournaled the trun- 1110118 of a telescope 35 carrying the level 36while a brace 37, fast to the frame 34 by a thumb-screw 38 at its upperend and fast to the arm 1 or 2, as the case may be, at its lower end bya thumb-screw 39, serves to maintain the frame 34 stiffiy in place.arrangement of the structure for use as an engineers transit'and levelis illustrated in Fig. 6, while in Fig. 5 the same structure is shown inuse as a lane table.

40 is supported upon a tripod head 41 of different structure than thehead 7 before referred to, but as both the head 7 and the head 41 are ofordinary and known construction it is unnecessary to describe them inany detail.

In Fi 1 the structure is shown'folded together for use as a level. Inthis case a clamp 42 is held by a thumb-screw 43 to the The In this case4 arm 1, and this clamp is provided with a nut 44 to receive the head 7.The clamp 42 is attached to the arm 1 close to one of the levels 8.

It will be understood, of course, that the various parts of theinstrument may be made of wood, preferably box wood, and metal, orentirely ofmetal such as brass, bronze or aluminum.

The clino-irigono'meter, as shown in Fig. 2, is all that is necessary toperform reconnaissance and preliminary survey work. But whenangles atgreat distances, too far for ordinary vision, or when lane table work atgreat range,.is require then the telescope mounting, shown in Figs. 5and 6, is used, and the standard for this telescope, whereby the sameisadapted to the clinotrigonometcr, is of great value. The spirit level36, under the telesco e, converts the transit into an engineers evel forreater distances than canbe obtained by t e um aided eye. By adjustingthe telescope in erfectly horizontal position by aid of the evel 36 andclamping it by means of the thumb-screw 45, the instrument is inreadiness for taking levels of the surrounding country, having beenconverted into an engineers level.

Now, considering the various applications of the instrument, thetelemeter shown in Fig. 2 will be f'u'st considered. In the figure theinstrument is viewed from above, being placed in a. horizontal positionupon a staff.

or tripod. 3 Direct rear ings are taken from the-arc 14. The indicationson this are are based on computations made on a base line of, say,twenty-five feet, but should a longer base line be required, the readins will simply be as many times the indicated readings as the standardbase line is contained in the longer base line. Suppose, for instance,that owing to the great distance of an inaccessible point to be measureda greater base,-

line, say, a base line of one hundred and fifty feet is necessary. Theinstrument is placed over the terminations of the base line and a thesights on, say, the arm 2, are so placed as to cover the point fromwhich the one hundred and fifty foot base line was measured.

Then the other arm is directed upon the disclamp 42. Having ascertainedthe distance from the instrument to the base of the object whosealtitude is desired, either by actual measurement or by the method justdescribed for horizontal distances, and leveling 3 the instrument bymeans of the levels 8, then on moving the arm 1 until the sights covertaken from the are 14, and, if neces ary, multiplied by the number oftimes twenty- 5) five is contained in the length of the base line, butto the height thus obtained must be added the height of the instrumentfrom the ground.

' he instrument is readily converted into a the compass. Then by usingthe sight 3'2 and the sight 13 on the arm 2, moved so as to be in theplane of the edge of said-arm, and securing the instrument to the staffor tripod by the clamp 42, all as shown in Fig. 1, and pro )erlyleveling the instrument by means 0 the spirit levels 8, the instrumentis in condition for use as a level. Now, by 5 placing the level in ahorizontal position and replacing the compass with the frame 29 andsecuring the sight 32 therein, the instrument becomes converted into anengineers compass, as shown in Fig. 4, and to which refer- 0 ence hasalready been made.

Coming, now, to the clinometer alone, as illustrated in Fig. 3, thecompass is removed and the thumb-screw 46 is screwed into place. Thesights are folded down out of the way and the are 17 is turned up asshown. The slope angles are then read in feet, tenths and hundredths ofa foot for every foot in horizontal distance, directly from the scale onthe are 14.

T he manner in which the instrument may be transformed into an engineerstransit and level and a plane table have already been set forth. Bymeans of the Vernier the magnetic variations as well as angles may beread to degrees and minutes, thus insuring precdise and accurate workwhen such is desire , and 2 are hinged together and carry the. sights,which may be folded down into contact with said arms. The frame 29 andsight- 32 are readily removable from the compass 19, and the are 14 isalso readily removable from the arms 1 and 2. This permits theinstrument to be packed into a very small compass and to be contained ina case small enough to readily go into the pocket.

1. An instrument of the class described, comprising two arms hingedtogether at one end, an index are removably secured to one of the armsconcentric with the axis of the hinge and over which the other arm ismovable about the hinge, and a half-circle index plate secured tosaid-hinge with its axis caincident with the axis of the hinge, said thesummit of the object, the reading may be 5 level by removing the compassand screwingthe sight 32 into the pivot center 111 place of It will beobserved that the two arms 1" independent of botharms.

2. In an instrument of the class described, two arms hinged together atone end, an index are secured to one of the arms concentric with theaxis of the hinge and with relation to which the other arm is movableabout the hinge, sights one at the free end of each arm and movablelaterally with relation thereto and a sighting means adapted to beattached to the instrument at the hinge in the axis of the latter.

3. An instrument of the class described end, levels secured to saidarms, an index are removably secured to one of the arms concentric tothe axis of the hinge and with relation to which are the other arm ismovable about the hinge, a semi-circular index plate secured to thehinge end of the arms and movable around the axis of said hinge, andsights one at the axis of the hinge and others carried by the free endsof the arms and movable laterally with relation thereto to bring theiroperative points coincident with the plane of the meetlng edges of thearms.

4. An instrument of the class described comprising two arms hinged atone end, a pivot stud for th' inge projecting beyond one side thereof a.1 provided .with a nut and also provided with a nut witlun the pivot inthe axis thereof, a compass provided axis of the iivot, a diametricframe ,straddling and held by said com )ass and provided with a nutcoincident wit the axis of the hinge, sighting means at the end of thehinged arms and other sighting means provided with a screw adapted tothe nut in the frame.

5. An instrinnent of the class described, comprising two arms hingedtogether at one end and having their contiguous edges constituting thereading or working edges, a pivot stud for the hinge projecting beyondone face'thereof and there provided with a nut and also provided with anut within the hinge in the axis thereof, a compass provided with acenter screw adapted to the nut in the axis of the hinge, a diametricframe straddlingthe compass and held thereby, said frame being providedwith a nut in the axial line of the hinge and also provided with amember adapted to engage the compas the compass, sighting means at theends of the hinged arms, and other sighting means provided with a screwadapted to the nutin the frame.

6. In an instrument of the class described, two arms hinged together atone end, a semind of the arms and movable around the same concentricwith the axis of the h nge, a vermer arc concentric with and close tothe axis of the hinge, other Vernier arcs coacting index plate beingmovable around the hinge needle lock when the frame is in position oncomprising two arms hinged together at onewith a center screw adapted tothe nut in the circular index plate carried by said hinged.

with the first-nan1ed Vernier arc and carried by each arm, and a compassremovably secured to the axis of the hinge.

7. In an instrument ofthe class described, two arms hinged together atone end, a nut formed in the axis of said hinge, a compass secured tosaid hinge concentric therewith, a semi-circular index plate secured tothe hinge and'movable about the axis thereof, Vernier arcs, one securedin fixed relation to the compass and others carried each upon one of thearms in operative relation to the fixed are, levels carried by the arms,an index

